Political and social Philosophy System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Political and social Philosophy System. Answer: Introduction Immanuel Kant was an astounding philosopher and was particularly noted for his worthy work, Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Perspective. The two main domains of Kant were his political and social philosophy. However, it must be noted that the concept of politics is deply enrooted in Kants philosophical system. To Kant all these have interrelations and these domains are indispensible from one another. While Kant defined his Political philosophy as a branch of philosophy that essentially deals with the practical world (Kant, 2014). Kants idea of social progress as projected in Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Perspective declines the concept that power of a society is based on the general welfare of its citizens. The idea of happiness is ones own and cannot be imposed by state is what Kant argues. Kant makes an interesting definition of the word Freedom in the context of social progress (Kant, 2014). By the term freedom, Kant does not indicate the traditional situation of independence and slavery, rather it denotes towards a free will that is not just restricted by state but also by close ones. Freedom is defined as the extreme urge to assert ones free will against all odds, even the odds from ones own self. Kant also relates the concept of political freedom and social progress with that of transcendental freedom. According to Kant, an individual can enjoy transcendental freedom by the dint of his rationality, logical reasoning and analytic aspects (Kant, 2014). In this particular context asserts that the very concept of state is a self-imposed restraint from freedom and it strongly affects social progress. Since the controlling power of state is projected only through force, freedom is hampered. Anarchism thus evolves. If law is taken in the context, it would be found that all individuals of state are equal before law. However, Kant does not consider the head of the state in this equality. Kant has been seemingly biased towards gender perspectives at time. Kant faded claims that women and children are the weaker sections of society and thus they are not counted as individuals of the society. Kant bases his claim on the fact that citizens who are not enough capable to earn, are not considered as potent enough to voice. In the context of Republic, enlightenment theory and democracy, Kant has been a central figure. These three aspects are once more very closely related with the social progress. In fact, it is a part of social progress. In Third Section: Transition from the Metaphysics of Morals to the Critique of Pure Practical Reason, the author clearly claims that enlightenment is the ability, the power to think analytically about self. An interesting fact about the same is that though Kant apparently seems to mean that while enlightened individuals of a society would maturely think about their self and assert their power given to them by society, that is, power to vote. One would make a gross error to believe that. Kant in actuality does not implies a self stressed government, rather, he stresses on the fact that governments are basically of two types, the form of sovereignty and the form of government. Whereas the first form refers to a system where societal norms are maintained by a an individua l, group of the entire society as a whole; on the other hand, the second form of government is concerned with the way, the method that the ruling or the decree is being maintained. The term REPUBLICAN is yet interesting as according to Kant it means that legislative powers are grossly different from executive power, though both may sound identical. In Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Perspective, Kant talks about revolution and rebellion as a ruling factor of social upliftment and up gradation. Kant does not support the thought of rebel and revolution towards the state and its government. According to Kant, the rights of the citizens that are provided by the government is the key source that a state exists. Kant argues that there is not existing state that is free from injustice and possesses a just government and citizen relationship. Kant here particularly focuses on social contract, a concept that enables the hierarchy of the society to impose rules upon citizen. Conclusion In the concluding portion, it can thus be asserted that Kant holds a philosophy of state and its government that is interesting and t the same time different from traditional and stereotypical convention regarding the same. His explanation of transcendental freedom, freedom and social up gradation are all linked with his philosophical thoughts. He approaches social upliftment from a cosmopolitan perspective, which looks for only individuality amongst individuals (Kant, 2002). Yet at the same time he rules out the idea of a just society that holds perfect legal and judicial embodiment around it. Reference list Kant, I. (2014). Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Perspective. 1784.his Toward Perpetual Peace and Other Writings on Politics, Peace and History, ed. P. Kleingel (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006). Kant, I. (2002). Third Section: Transition from the Metaphysics of Morals to the Critique of Pure Practical Reason, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, ed. and trans. Allen W. Wood. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 63-79.